2023 study by the University of Illinois School of Social Work Children and Family Research Center that reports findings from interviews with kin caregivers of Black children and youth. The study examines how caregivers and child welfare professionals in Illinois have experienced permanency planning and different permanency options, and their perceptions of racial issues in permanency planning and outcomes. The study found that caregivers who chose guardianship were equally committed to providing permanent support as were those who chose adoption. It also found a need for more systemic and professional capacity for the agency to facilitate substitute care and permanency planning, and a need for more support to kin caregivers.